non hodgkin's lymphoma | Lymphoma – Hodgkin's/non-Hodgkin's

Lymphoma – Hodgkin's/non-Hodgkin's

Lymphomas are a group of diseases that come from cells of the lymphatic system The system consists of organs and tissues that produce, store and distribute white blood cells that fight against infections and other diseases. Are included in this system, bone marrow, lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels.

What is lymphoma?
Lymphoma is therefore a cancer that arises when a normal cell of the lymphatic system becomes a malignant cell and grows uncontrollably and is displaced in the organism. This disease is usually characterized by the appearance of lumps. There are two main groups of lymphomas: Hodgkin lymphomas and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The classification is based on the group of cells which undergo a malignant transformation and which begins to reproduce quickly and in a disorganized way.

Hodgkin lymphomas
Hodgkin's lymphomas (also called Hodgkin's disease) come from a specific type of lymphoid cells, the Reed-Sternberge. They can be divided into Hodgkin's lymphoma and nodular lymphocytes. Although the cause of lymphoma is unknown, a number of risk factors are associated with this disease.

Age – This disease can occur at any age, but is more frequent between the ages of 15 and 40 and particularly affects people between 25 and 30 years old.

Pathological – Patients of Epstein-Barr virus, the virus that causes mononucleosis, are likely to develop Hodgkin lymphomas.

Hereditary-people who have one or more parents who have developed this disease (especially children) are at higher risk of developing it in turn.

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are more common than Hodgkin's lymphomas. They can occur at any age according to malignant cells, classified in histological subtypes with specific characteristics. This type of lymphoma can have an indolent (slow-growing) or aggressive (fast-growing) behaviour. The indolent type usually has a favorable outcome with a median survival of 10 years despite the fact that the disease is incurable when it affects the different parts of the body. Lymphoma with aggressive behavior has a faster evolution, but many of the patients are cured by being more susceptible to chemotherapy.

Examination of the tumor is used to divide non-Hodgkin lymphomas into B-lymphocyte-and T-cell-related subtypes.

Lymphomas caused by the appearance of malignant B lymphocytes are:

– Burkitt's lymphoma

– Small lymphocytic lymphoma (similar to chronic lymphocytic leukemia)

-Diffuse lymphoma with large cells

– Follicular lymphoma

– Immunoblastic lymphoma with large cells

– Lymphoblastic B cell lymphoma precursor

-Mantle cell lymphoma

T-lymphomas are divided into:

– Mycosis Fungoides (disease that mainly affects the skin)

– anaplastic lymphoma with large cells

– lymphoblastic lymphoma of precursor T cells

-MALT lymphoma

Risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma:

Age-This disease is more common in older adults.

Pathological – diseases secondary to hereditary diseases (hypogamaglobulinémie) or autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Sjögren's syndrome) or even acquired immunosuppressive diseases that Compromises the immune system (HIV/AIDS), type I HTLVdo infections, Epstein-Barr virus, or Helicobacter pylori bacteria.

Food-a diet rich in meat and fat.

Medications – an old treatment of Hodgkin's disease, immunosuppressive drugs after transplantation of certain organs,

Symptoms

Symptoms that may occur in the presence of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas:

– Swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, armpits and/or groin, with or without the presence of pain,

– Excessive night sweating,

– Fever at more than 38 °c,

– Pruritus (itchy skin),

– Unexplained weight loss (loss of more than 10% of body weight in the last 6 months, without explanation),

– Frequent Fatigue.

Respiratory symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, abdominal pain or bloating may also occur.

Diagnosis

A biopsy of the lymph nodes or bone marrow helps to define the diagnosis. Further tests may be necessary. Lumbar puncture (cerebrospinal fluid puncture) determines whether the central nervous system is affected by the disease. Imaging tests such as X-ray, computed tomography, MRI and scan determine the location and extent of the sites affected by the disease. With the information collected, the doctor defines the degree of disability of the patient, which results in the stages of the disease

– Mycosis Fungoides (disease that mainly affects the skin)

– anaplastic lymphoma with large cells

– lymphoblastic lymphoma of precursor T cells

-Lymphoma MALT

Risk factors for Hodgkin's lymphoma:

Age-This disease is more common in older adults.

Pathological – Diseases secondary to hereditary diseases (hypogamaglobulinémie) or autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Sjögren's syndrome) or even acquired immunosuppressive diseases that compromises the immune system (HIV/AIDS), type I HTLVdo infections, Epstein-Barr virus, or Helicobacter pylori bacteria.

Food-a diet rich in meat and fat.

And medications – an old treatment of Hodgkin's disease, immunosuppressive drugs after transplantation of certain organs,

Symptoms

Symptoms that may occur in the presence of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas:

– Swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, armpits and/or snout, with or without the presence of pain,

-Excessive Night Sweating,

– Fever at more than 38 °c,

– Pruritus (itchy skin),

– Unexplained weight loss (loss of more than 10% of body weight in the last 6 months, without explanation),

– Frequent Fatigue.

Respiratory symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, abdominal pain or bloating may also occur.

Diagnosis

A biopsy of the lymph nodes or bone marrow helps to define the diagnosis. Further tests may be necessary. Lumbar Puncture (cerebrospinal fluid puncture) determines whether the central nervous system is affected by the disease. Imaging tests such as X-ray, computed tomography, MRI and scan determine the location and extent of the sites affected by the disease. With the information collected, the doctor defines the degree of disability of the patient, which results in the stages of the disease